Document Status
PAW-HC 0.1 is an experimental public draft intended for review, implementation, criticism, and revision. It is not issued by ISO, IEC, NIST, W3C, or another standards body.
Scope and Objectives
PAW-HC applies to AI systems, AI-enabled applications, agents, assistants, models, interfaces, and services where people meaningfully interact with or are affected by the system.
The system owner MUSTdefine the human goals the system is intended to support and the people who may be affected by it.
Human-centered requirementsMUST be considered during design, development, testing, deployment, monitoring, and retirement.
Claims about human-centered performanceMUST be supported by documented evidence, testing, or traceable design rationale.
Material limitations, unresolved risks, and populations for which the system has not been adequately evaluated MUSTbe documented.
Principles
Definitions
- Affected person
- A person whose interests, rights, opportunities, access, safety, or wellbeing may be influenced by the system.
- Human-centered AI
- AI designed and evaluated around human goals, capabilities, limitations, autonomy, accessibility, and context.
- Consequential action
- An action that can materially affect legal status, finances, employment, housing, healthcare, education, safety, or another significant interest.
- Meaningful control
- The practical ability to understand, review, interrupt, reject, or correct a system action when appropriate.
- Cognitive load
- The mental effort required to understand, operate, monitor, or recover from the system.
- Open development
- Development practices that provide public visibility or reproducibility appropriate to safety, privacy, and legal constraints.
- Conformance evidence
- Artifacts demonstrating that a requirement has been implemented and evaluated.
- Human outcome
- A measurable change in human capability, task success, autonomy, accessibility, safety, burden, or another relevant human-centered objective.
System and Stakeholder Context
The project MUSTdocument its intended purpose, users, affected populations, operating environment, major dependencies, and known boundaries.
The project SHOULDmaintain a stakeholder map identifying direct users, affected non-users, operators, developers, maintainers, accessibility stakeholders, and relevant public-interest groups.
Evaluation MUSTaccount for realistic environments rather than only ideal laboratory conditions.
Human Needs and Participation
Human needs MUST be identified before finalizing major product requirements.
Projects SHOULD involve representative users and affected communities during requirements, prototype evaluation, and revision.
Users MUST have a documented mechanism to report usability, accessibility, safety, and harmful-behavior concerns.
Material feedback SHOULDbe traceable to a disposition: addressed, deferred with rationale, rejected with rationale, or under investigation.
Accessibility and Disability Inclusion
PAW-HC treats accessibility as a system property. For web interfaces, projects should use WCAG 2.2 as a baseline reference where applicable.
Applicable interfaces MUSTdefine an accessibility target and the technologies and assistive technologies included in evaluation.
Automated accessibility checks MUST NOTbe the sole basis for accessibility claims.
Where relevant, evaluation SHOULDinclude actual assistive technology and users with relevant access needs.
Projects MUST consider cognitive, language, attention, memory, and executive-function barriers where relevant.
Errors, refusals, authentication failures, and recovery flows MUSTbe evaluated for accessibility.
Material functionality SHOULDremain available through more than one interaction modality where practical.
Cognitive Load and Usability
Key user tasks MUST be explicitly identified.
For key tasks, projects SHOULDmeasure completion time, errors, abandonment, recovery effort, and subjective burden.
Interfaces SHOULD expose complexity progressively rather than requiring users to understand the entire system before completing ordinary tasks.
Users SHOULD be able to recover from common errors without restarting the entire task.
Human Autonomy and Control
The system MUST clearly identify actions it can take on a user's behalf.
Consequential actions MUSTrequire an appropriate level of human authorization unless a documented exception applies.
Users SHOULD be able to interrupt or stop ongoing autonomous actions where technically feasible.
Material actions SHOULDbe reversible where feasible.
The system MUST NOTconceal that an action was performed by AI when that fact is material to the user's decision.
Safety and Risk
A documented risk assessment MUSTexist before production deployment.
Material foreseeable failure modesMUST be identified and tested.
When the system cannot reliably complete a task, it SHOULD fail in a way that minimizes downstream harm rather than fabricating success.
Systems operating in high-impact contextsMUST apply heightened review, documentation, and human oversight.
Material uncertainty SHOULDbe communicated in a manner appropriate to the user's context.
Transparency and Explainability
Users MUST be informed when interacting with an AI system when that distinction could reasonably affect their decisions.
Material limitations MUSTbe documented in user-accessible language.
For agentic systems, the systemSHOULD provide an understandable record of significant actions taken.
Explanations SHOULDcommunicate relevant reasons, evidence, uncertainty, and limitations without implying certainty the system does not possess.
Conformance Levels
Conformance is not a quality ranking. A system may meet one level while having strengths or weaknesses outside the level's scope.
| Level | Minimum concept | Typical evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Core | Baseline human-centered engineering | Requirements, risk assessment, key-task testing, accessibility plan, documentation |
| Open | Core + meaningful openness/interoperability | Public code or justified exceptions, APIs, issue tracker, reproducible evaluation |
| Advanced | Core + deeper human testing and governance | Representative testing, independent review, impact evaluation, incident process |
| Public Interest | Advanced + affected-community influence and strong transparency | Community governance, public evidence, independent review, open implementation where safe |
Audit and Evidence
Projects claiming conformanceMUST maintain an evidence register mapping requirements to artifacts.
Each normative requirement MUSTbe marked implemented, not applicable with rationale, partially implemented, or not implemented.
Public Interest conformanceSHOULD be reviewed by an independent evaluator.
A self-declaration MUSTbe clearly labeled as self-declared andMUST NOT imply third-party certification.
Community Governance
Draft requirements SHOULDbe maintained in a public issue or discussion process.
Changes to normative requirementsSHOULD include rationale and impact analysis.
Major changes MUSTincrement the major or minor version according to documented versioning rules.
Standard maintainers SHOULDdisclose material conflicts of interest.
Governance SHOULD include participation from accessibility, HCI, security, privacy, AI engineering, and affected-user communities.
Reference Implementation — CYN-X
CYN-X may serve as a reference implementation for PAW-HC. A reference implementation demonstrates how the standard can be implemented; it is not automatically proof that the implementation conforms.
If CYN-X claims PAW-HC conformance, CYN-XMUST evaluate itself against the same requirements it publishes.
CYN-X SHOULD publish its conformance evidence, failed tests, known limitations, and remediation plans.
CYN-X SHOULD publish the methodology for human-centered benchmarks used to support PAW-HC claims.
CYN-X SHOULD invite independent developers and affected users to challenge its conformance claims.
Conformance Declaration
We declare that the above claim is supported by the evidence identified and that this declaration does not represent ISO, IEC, NIST, W3C, or third-party certification.
Human-Centered Test Suite
| Test ID | Test | Measure | Pass condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| HCT-01 | Key-task completion | Completion rate, errors, time | Defined target achieved or limitation documented |
| HCT-02 | Recovery | Recovery time and abandonment | User can recover from common failures |
| HCT-03 | Accessibility | Assistive technology + human testing | No critical blocker for tested scope |
| HCT-04 | Autonomy | Unauthorized-action simulation | No consequential action without required authorization |
| HCT-05 | Transparency | User understanding test | Users can identify material limits/actions |
| HCT-06 | Uncertainty | Calibration/communication review | Material uncertainty is not presented as certainty |
| HCT-07 | Privacy | Data inventory review | Unnecessary collection/retention eliminated or justified |
| HCT-08 | Manipulation | Interaction review | No prohibited coercive engagement mechanism |
| HCT-09 | Incident recovery | Fault injection | System enters documented safe state |
| HCT-10 | Human outcome | Outcome measurement | Evidence supports the defined human goal |